Gwynne má 15 tisíc riadkov údajov v troch stĺpcoch. Chcela by mať tlač dát so 6 stĺpcami na stránku. Napríklad prvých 50 mien v A2: C51, potom ďalších 50 mien v E2: G51. Potom presuňte tretích 50 riadkov na A52: C101 a tak ďalej.
Namiesto riešenia pomocou vzorcov použijem na opätovné usporiadanie údajov malý súbor Excel VBA.
Makro VBA ponechá údaje v A: C. Prázdny stĺpec sa zobrazí v D. Nové údaje sa zobrazia v D: F, prázdny stĺpec v G, nové údaje v H: J.
Poznámka
Takmer pred 10 rokmi som odpovedal na otázku, ako hadiť 1 stĺpec do 6 stĺpcov. V tomto prípade boli údaje usporiadané horizontálne, pričom Apple bol v C1, banán v D1, čerešňa v E1, … Obr v H1, potom Guava začína v C2 a tak ďalej. Vtedy som na otázku odpovedal pomocou vzorcov. Toto staré video si môžete pozrieť: tu.
Prvým krokom je zistiť, koľko riadkov sa zmestí na vytlačenú stránku. Tento krok nevynechajte. Predtým, ako začnete s makrom, musíte urobiť všetky tieto veci:
- Nastavte okraje na karte Rozloženie stránky na páse s nástrojmi
- Ak chcete, aby sa vaše nadpisy z riadku 1 opakovali na každej stránke, použite rozloženie stránky, riadky, ktoré sa majú opakovať zhora, a zadajte pomer 1: 1.
- Zadajte všetky hlavičky a päty, ktoré sa zobrazia na každej stránke.
- Skopírujte nadpisy z A1: C1 na E1: G1.
- Skopírujte nadpisy z A1: C1 na I1: K1.
- Ako rozsah tlače zadajte E: K
- Naplňte čísla 1 až 100 v E2: E101 znakom
=ROW()-1
Keď sú všetky vaše nastavenia stránky správne, pomocou klávesovej skratky Ctrl + P zobrazte dokument Ukážka pred tlačou. V prípade potreby kliknite na dlaždicu Zobraziť ukážku tlače v strede obrazovky. V ukážke pred tlačou vyhľadajte číslo posledného riadku na strane 1. V mojom prípade je to 46. Toto bude do budúcnosti dôležité číslo.
Pri vytváraní makra postupujte nasledovne:
- Uložte si zošit ako nový názov pre prípad, že by sa niečo pokazilo. Napríklad: MyWorkbookTestCopy.xlsx
- Stlačením klávesov alt = "" + F11 otvorte editor VBA
- Z ponuky VBA vyberte Vložiť, Modul
-
Skopírujte nasledujúci kód a prilepte ho do okna kódu
Sub WrapThem() ' the following line says XLUP not x1up ! FinalRow = Cells(Rows.Count, 1).End(xlUp).Row ' Change 46 to match your Rows Per Page RowsPerPage = 46 NextRow = 2 NextCol = 5 For i = 2 To FinalRow Step RowsPerPage Cells(NextRow, NextCol).Resize(RowsPerPage, 3).Value = _ Cells(i, 1).Resize(RowsPerPage, 3).Value If NextCol = 5 Then NextCol = 9 Else NextCol = 5 NextRow = NextRow + RowsPerPage End If Next i End Sub - Nájdite riadok, ktorý hovorí,
RowsPerPage = 46a hodnotu 46 nahraďte počtom riadkov, ktoré ste našli v ukážke pred tlačou.
Tu je niekoľko ďalších vecí, ktoré možno budete musieť zmeniť v závislosti od vašich údajov:
Tieto FinalRow =linky vyhľadá poslednú položku v stĺpci 1. Ak začala vaše dáta v stĺpci C namiesto stĺpca A, mali by ste to zmeniť:
FinalRow = Cells(Rows.Count, 1).End(xlUp).Rowdo tohto
FinalRow = Cells(Rows.Count, 3).End(xlUp).RowV tomto príklade bude prvým miestom pre nové údaje bunka E2. Toto je riadok 2, stĺpec 5. Ak máte päť riadkov názvov a vaše nové údaje sa začnú v G6, zmenili by ste sa NextRow = 2na NextRow = 6. Zmeniť NextCol = 5na NextCol = 7(pretože stĺpec G je 7. stĺpec).
V tomto príklade sa údaje začínajú v A2 (hneď za nadpismi v riadku 1). Ak máte 3 riadky nadpisov, vaše údaje by sa začínali na A4. Zmeniť tento riadok:
For i = 2 To FinalRow Step RowsPerPagedo tohto riadku:
For i = 4 To FinalRow Step RowsPerPageMoje výstupné stĺpce sa zobrazujú v stĺpci E (5. stĺpec) a stĺpci I (9. stĺpec). Povedzme, že máte štyri stĺpce s údajmi. Pôvodné údaje sú v B: E. Vložte prvú skupinu stĺpcov do G: J a L: O. G je 7. stĺpec. L je 12. stĺpec. V nasledujúcom texte zmeňte 3 na 4 na dvoch miestach, pretože namiesto 4 máte 4 stĺpce. Zmeňte 5 na 7 na dvoch miestach, pretože prvý výstupný stĺpec je G namiesto E. Zmena 9 až 12, pretože druhý výstupný stĺpec je L namiesto I.
Zmeniť toto:
Cells(NextRow, NextCol).Resize(RowsPerPage, 3).Value = _ Cells(i, 1).Resize(RowsPerPage, 3).Value If NextCol = 5 Then NextCol = 9 Else NextCol = 5 NextRow = NextRow + RowsPerPage End Ifdo tohto:
Cells(NextRow, NextCol).Resize(RowsPerPage, 4).Value = _ Cells(i, 1).Resize(RowsPerPage, 4).Value If NextCol = 7 Then NextCol = 12 Else NextCol = 7 NextRow = NextRow + RowsPerPage End IfTeraz ste pripravení na spustenie makra. Uložte zošit naposledy.
V okne VBA kliknite kamkoľvek do makra. Na obrázku nižšie je kurzor hneď za Sub WrapThem(). Kliknite na kláves F5 alebo kliknite na ikonu Spustiť, ako je uvedené nižšie.
Prepnite späť do Excelu. Mali by ste vidieť tieto výsledky:
Uistite sa, že za priezviskom v stĺpci E stránky 1 správne nasleduje meno v stĺpci I stránky 1.
Pozeraj video
Tieto kroky sú vysvetlené v tomto videu:
Prepis videa
Naučte sa Excel pre Podcast, epizóda 2194: Zalomenie stĺpcov.
Ahoj, vitaj naspäť na netcast, som Bill Jelen. Dnešnú otázku poslala Gwen. Gwen sleduje video 984, ktoré sa volalo Sneaking Columns. Toto je spred rokov a v skutočnosti som to vtedy používal pomocou vzorca, ale tento problém s dvojčatami je komplikovanejší.
So she has a three column worksheet with around 15,000 rows. and needs to make each page six columns. So, on the first page, these 60 cells; and then next to it, the next 60 cells. Now, Gwen has figured out that she can fit about 60 rows. But for anyone else watching this, the most important part here is to figure out how many rows because you'll really screw things up if you make any of these changes after the fact.
Alright, so for me, what I'm going to do is I'm going to come here to page layout, I'm gonna declare that these seven columns are going to be my print area-- Print Area, Set Print Area. I'm going to go into Print Titles and say that “Rows to repeat at top” is 1:1. I'm going to go… Actually, I'd like to use Margins here-- Margins, Narrow, and then back in the Page Setup, Header/Footer, and choose whatever my, you know, Custom Footer should be-- Confidential. Do all of the those settings, anything you're ever going to change first. Alright? Because that's going to change the number of rows per page.
Now, I'm going to type in the number 1 here, this is just going to be some temporary data. I'm going to hold down the Ctrl key and grab the Fill handle, and go down until I'm sure I'm past the first page like that. And then, we'll just do a Print Preview-- Ctrl+P, Show Print Preview-- and you'll notice that I have 46 rows that fit on the first page. And let's just check, go to the second page-- so 46 plus 46 is 92, so we're getting 46 rows per page, 46 rows per page. That number is incredibly important-- 46. In fact, I'm going to write it down over here just so I don't forget-- 46 rows per page.
Alright, now, I'm going to solve this today with a Macro; back in video 984, I used some complex formulas to do it, but today a macro feels better. If you've never used macros before don't be intimidated. Here's how we start: We press Alt+F11-- Alt+F11-- that brings open this screen and actually, the very first time that you open Alt+F11, it's going to be just a big gray screen-- probably a lot like this-- like that. So you want to say, View, Project Explorer, Find your workbook here, and say Insert Module-- I've already done that-- and what we'll get-- and what we get-- is a white screen. And over here in this white screen, you're going to type this code, alright? The word "Sub" which means that this is a subroutine, and then any naming you want-- I call it WrapThem, no spaces there, so just jam everything together-- open and closing parenthesis. Then we're we're going to create a variable: FinalRow = Cells(Rows.Count, 1).End, and these four letters here are XL, not X1-- everybody screws this up, XL. And you can type it in all caps if you want but they're going to change it back to that format where the L looks like a 1-- don't put a 1 there. Rows.Per.Page-- and this is where you put whatever number you figured out. Now, for me it's 46; for Gwen, it sounds like it's 60. And then, the next row where we want the first data to go is Row 2, and then the next column-- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5-- is Column 5.
Alright, so I set this up. And then, the rest of this is going to be very, very generic. it's going to work with, you know, any size data set: For I (it's a variable) = 2 To FinalRow (that's how many rows we had) Step (that means every time through the loop we're going to increase by) RowsPerPage (which in this case is 46, for Gwen's case it's going be 60). We're going to say: Cells(NextRow, NextCol) -- so, next row's going to be 2, Column 5-- .Resize(RowsPerPage, 3) -- resize 46 rows, 3 columns-- .Value = _ (and that's an underscore there) It's going to be equal to Cells(1, 1) -- so whatever is in Row 2 comma 1, Column 1-- .Resize(RowsPerPage, 3).Value. And then, what we have to do is, we have to be a little bit clever here about after we paste the first 46 times 46 rows, by 3 columns.
Where do we go next? There, right? So, if currently, the next column is pointing to Column E, well, then I need the next one to go to Column I. I is the ninth column. Alright. So that's why we say NextCol = 5. But if we're not… NextCol = 5 that means our NextCol = 9. Then we're going to reset the next group back to Column E and the NextRow is going to be = whatever the previous row was, + 46. And then next time… now here, let's just walk through this, you don't have to run it one step at a time. But I'm going to do that with F8-- just to see what we get here.
And so, what we've learned, is the final row is real-- 15,582. We're about to write to row 2, column 5. And so: For I = 2 To FinalRow. The first time through, I is going to be equal to 2. We're going to say that Row 2, Column 5, is going to be equal to Row 2, Column 1-- 46 rows, 3 columns. I want to run this with F8. We'll look over here in the spreadsheet and we'll see that it turned out those first 46 came to this area. Alright. But, we're going to let this run again. Alright.
Now, the second time through the loop, the I has jumped up from 2 to 48. Alright. And so this time, we're going to be running to Row 2, Column 9, and we're going to be getting data from Row 48. Alright, now let's go check this one right here. So, what we see is Andy Hartley-- that works great-- down here at the end, Kelly Ferguson. But the next person should be Lue Rahman-- Rahman-- and that works, and it goes down to Lue Harvey, right there. Alright. Now, what we're hoping next time, is we get Barb Davison. I'll press F8 few more times, here's the next one and we look, and it's now writing to Row 48. Alright. And it's Barb Davison, and it appears to be working. At this point, I'm happy with it, I'm just going to click run.
And, actually, you don't have to go-- if you're not creating a video to explain this to somebody-- you don't have to go through and press F8; you could just come up here, click inside WrapThem, click run, and that fast it will take your data and wrap it into two columns.
Now, some things I see here-- Surname isn't wide enough, that should not affect our page layout, I'm hoping. And when I do Print Preview, I now have 170 pages. Data there, Page 2, Page 3, Page 4. Now, if we would change the margins at this point, everything is going to be screwed up-- it's going to be horrible. That's why it's really, really important, right up front, you have to do all of your page layout things before you calculate that 46. Now, of course, at this point, Save your workbook with a new name, alright? We don't want to destroy the personal workbook. And then you can delete columns A through D, and you have your results.
Now, if you want to learn about macros-- macros are incredibly powerful-- we probably could have solved this with a formula. And, certainly, the me from 10 years ago solved it with a formula, but at this point in my life, just a simple little 15 line macro is a lot easier. This book, by Tracy Syrstad and myself, will teach you all about macros.
Alright, wrap-up for this Episode: How to wrap 3 columns of data in 2 sets of columns per page. The super important step, you have to do all the page setup things first, Rows to Repeat at Top, Margins, Header/Footer, and then just type some numbers-- 1 through whatever-- I use the Fill handle with control; go to Print Preview, How many rows per page; switch over to Alt+F11; Insert a module and then type the code that I showed you in the video; click run. And most of the time, I advise people to save your workbook as xlsm, but in this case this was a one-time thing, I'm suspecting. So if you're, you know, just want to have that macro disappear, keep it as xlsx, save the file, it'll warn you that you're about to lose your macro. That's probably okay, because we've solved the problem well.
Ahoj, chcem sa poďakovať Gwen za zaslanie tejto otázky. Chcem sa ti poďakovať, že si sa zastavil. Uvidíme sa nabudúce pri ďalšom netcaste z.
